AZKA International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance

Economic Empowerment Model Towards Mustahiq Through ZISWAF Fund Combination (Case Study of Mustahiq Developed by Laznas LMI Magetan)

Naufal Fairuz Nadhif — 2024-09-04

The total population in Indonesia is very high, which should be able to support the public's economy. However, in fact poverty is still one of the main problems in Indonesia. Islam is the most widely followed religion in Indonesia, in Islamic teachings there are instruments aimed for alleviating poverty, namely Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah and Endowments (Wakaf) or abbreviated as Ziswaf. In practice, an institution named the Infaq Management Institute, Lembaga Manajemen Infaq (LMI) carries out the task to manage public’s funds then distribute to specified recipiennts. This study aims to find out the role of the Amil Zakat Institution (LMI) in alleviating and prospering its mustahiq and exploring the model of economic empowerment for mustahiq carried out by LMI. As well as being an inspiration for LMI to further improve programs in managing Ziswaf funds. This research used qualitative approach with the observational case study method. The results of this study indicate that the empowerment program carried out by LMI for mustahiq has a positive impact and helps improve the mustahiq's economy.

Governance and Outreach of Islamic Microfinance (BMT) Toward Cash Waqf

Riris Aishah Prasetyowati — 2024-09-04

This paper examines the relationship between the determinants of corporate outreach and corporate governance in Islamic microfinance institutions (Baitul Maal wa Tanwil, BMT toward Cash Waqf management using a primary data set built from the concept of Islamic MFIs collected from internal and external respondents. Islamic Micro-finance implements cash waqf management. Using the measurement model and the structural model in Partial least square (PLS), this paper examines the effects of the board and CEO characteristics, type of firm ownership, customer-firm relationship, and competition and regulation on the financial performance of Islamic MFIs and outreach to Islamic Microfinance customers and institutions Cash Waqf. This paper finds that Determinants of governance in microfinance Islamic institutions - BMT in cash waqf management is CEO/chairman duality, internal board auditor, board size, shareholder firm, individual loan, competition, regulated bank, urban market, Islamic microfinance Institutional age, portfolio at risk, firm size, and Human development index (HDI). Outreach governance of MFIs-BMT on cash waqf management is divided into three dimensions, namely: first, the internal dimensions are; CEO/chairman duality, internal board auditor, the board size, and shareholder firm. Second, the external dimensions are; individual loans, competition, bank regulation, urban market, Islamic microfinance Institutional age. Third, the dimensions of the control factor are; portfolio at risk, firm size, and Human development index (HDI). MFIs-BMT on cash waqf management in Indonesia discussed in this study proves that outreach governance of MFIs-BMT occurs only in external dimensions, including; individual loan, competition, bank regulated, urban market, Islamic microfinance Institutional age. Our research concludes that MFIs in Indonesia focus on individual loans, competition between MFIs and BMTs, are subject to banking regulations, are more developed in rural markets than urban markets, and this dimension of outreach governance depends on the age of MFIs-BMTs.

Fiqh Al-Awlawiyyat: Perubahan dan Corak Agihan di Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah

Rohani Binti Desa — 2024-09-04

Artikel ini membincangkan perubahan dan corak agihan zakat di Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah berdasarkan prinsip fiqh al-Awlawiyyat. Ianya bertujuan meneliti perubahan corak agihan zakat kepada golongan asnaf di Negeri Kedah serta mengkaji penekanan yang diberikan oleh Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK) dalam proses agihan zakat sepanjang tempoh lima tahun berdasarkan Fiqh al-Awlawiyyat. Perubahan zaman telah menyaksikan agihan zakat turut berubah. Ianya bukan sahaja mengubah cara kutipan malahan turut mengubah corak agihan zakat. Kajian ini meneliti apakah mekanisma yang diambil oleh LZNK dalam agihan zakat. Agihan zakat bukan sahaja bersifat sekadar memberi untuk keperluan jangka masa pendek tetapi motifnya untuk membebaskan asnaf zakat pada jangka masa panjang. Kajian ini melihat pendekatan yang diambil oleh LZNK dalam perubahan dalam agihan zakat selaras dengan konsep Fiqh al-Awlawiyyat yang merupakan satu prinsip penting dan perlu diberi perhatian serius dalam melaksanakan segala tugas ijtihad semasa sebagaimana dianjurkan oleh para ulama tajdid. Kajian ini juga melihat statistik agihan serta bentuk-bentuk skim yang disediakan oleh LZNK dianalisis secara deskriptif bagi melihat sejauhmana perubahan dan corak agihan dalam mengutamakan perkara yang diutamakan oleh syarak sama ada mengambikira tahap keupayaan individu serta mengutamakan keperluan atau manfaat bersama. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa perubahan corak agihan zakat kepada lapan golongan asnaf di Negeri Kedah adalah berdasarkan konsep Fiqh al-Awlawiyyat. Antara cadangan utama kajian ini ialah LZNK haruslah mematuhi segala keutamaan yang telah ditetapkan oleh syarak.

The Limits Of The Rhetoric Of Islamic Social Finance Through The Triptych Waqf, umran, Maash

Abderrazak Belabes — 2024-09-04

Through the Triptych waqf, umran, maash, the aim of the research is to explores the limits of the rhetoric which interpret sadaqah, zakat, waqf as elements of social finance. Among the main results in the research are: (1) The notion of social finance by assimilating sadaqah, zakat and waqf to capital impoverishes these phenomena that have deep historical roots and empties them of their substance; (2) The financialization of sadaqah, zakat and waqf leads to the extension of the domain of property, to the detriment of that of public goods and common goods, and to the increase in inequalities; (3) This tendency constitutes a paradox to the extent that what has served for centuries to provide the essential social needs is subject to capture by private interests. The use of the adjective Islamic is more a matter of home-made lexicon than a result of a rigorous approach. At first glance, the rhetoric of Islamic social finance seems virtuous, but it turns out to be conceptually incoherent. What arouses the rhetoric of Islamic social finance is less difference than an exacerbated desire for convergence.

Enhancing Zakat Compliance: Introducing The Slippery Slope Framework

Mohd Suffian Mohamed Esa — 2024-09-04

This study introduces the Slippery Slope Framework for enhancing zakat compliance, addressing the issue of voluntary adherence due to insufficient and non-comprehensive existing legislation. This lack of stringent and holistic legal measures has resulted in some of the Muslim community neglecting their zakat obligations. The Slippery Slope Framework aims to provide a structured approach to improve compliance by balancing enforcement with the cultivation of trust. Employing a conceptual methodology, this paper explores and justifies the introduction of this framework as a model for zakat compliance. The findings highlight the framework's potential to significantly enhance zakat adherence through a dual strategy of authoritative enforcement and fostering voluntary compliance. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the Islamic fiscal economy, proposing a model that not only strengthens compliance but also enhances the overall effectiveness of zakat collection and distribution. The study underscores the critical need for a comprehensive legal framework to ensure that zakat obligations are met consistently, thereby contributing to socio-economic justice and welfare empowerment within the Muslim community.

Evaluating the Impact of Zakat on Inclusive Growth Towards Poverty Reduction in Nusa Tenggara Timur

Ruwaida Mohamed Majid — 2024-09-04

This study examines the effectiveness of zakat distribution in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, with a particular emphasis on how it affects access to basic services and the decrease of poverty for the period 2013-2022. Data was obtained from BPS Statistics Indonesia and Baznas National Zakat Statistics and analyzed using ordinary least squares regression model. The study finds that zakat distribution amounts significantly increase the number of poor people in Nusa Tenggara Timur. This result highlights structural problems with zakat institutions, such as poor institutional support, ineffective regulations, and problems with data administration. Second, the study shows that the fraction of households that get basic services is negatively impacted by the distribution of zakat. This implies that the ways in which zakat is distributed is not sufficient to promote inclusive growth, which might lead to the continuation of poverty cycles. The study underscores the necessity of implementing reforms in the zakat distribution, and reporting procedures. BAZNAS must implement complete digital solutions for transparent money tracking and effective distribution if they are to optimize the impact of zakat on poverty reduction. To enhance resource mobilization and distribution, private sector participation in zakat collection and cooperation with local governments are recommended.

Determinants of Islamic Banks Performance Using The Maqasid as Shariah: A Case Study of Indonesia

Asia Khamis Nyange — 2024-09-04

The study was about determinants of Islamic Banks Performance using Maqasid as Shariah in Indonesia, where the study variable includes human development index, GDP, political liberties index, financial development index as well as Islamic bank performance. Also, secondary data from the UNDP website, the IMF, the annual reports of Indonesia's 11 Islamic banks, and the World Bank for the years 2013–2023 were used in this study. Moreover, the study employed multiple linear regression model so as measure the impact of the variables on Islamic bank performance. The study observed that the main determinants of Islamic bank performance using Maqasid As-Shariah in Indonesia are GDP, political civil liberties index, and human development index, thus all variables have significant effect on Islamic Bank performance at 5% level of significance. However, this study found that the financial development index was insignificant, making it an unimportant component to examine Islamic Bank performance using Maqasid as Shariah in Indonesia. Also, the report recommends that banks should match their business plans to the nations' economic expansion, for example, by making investments in industries that generate a sizable portion of the GDP or by offering financial services that promote economic growth. Additionally, the study indicated that banks should support initiatives that uphold democratic values like accountability, transparency, and involvement in the decision-making process in order to advocate for policies that support civil liberties. Moreover, it is advised that Islamic banks fund social welfare, health, and education initiatives that advance human development. This not only advances the nation's general development but also fosters the growth of a clientele that is financially literate. Therefore, for the future research should identify additional potential determinants of Islamic bank performance, as this study did not address all factors that could affect Islamic bank performance.

Institutional Zakat Management in Bangladesh: Collection and Distribution Practices

Md Muhibur Rahman — 2024-09-04

This article explores a comprehensive scenario of the practices of Bangladesh's institutionalized Zakat collection and distribution system. The research meticulously describes the process by which the institutions manage Zakat funds. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method to facilitate this exploration. The data for the current study was obtained through comprehensive field research. A total of 175 individuals who pay and receive Zakat from institutional Zakat management were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire. The study reveals the significant role of private organizations in collective Zakat funds from the Muslims of Bangladesh, a unique aspect of the system. While government institutions are not being accepted on a large scale, private organizations are stepping up. Though most of the Zakat payers are ignorant about Zakat calculation, there is a good sign that they are asking the scholars about Zakat calculation to ensure the accuracy of their Zakat distribution. Zakat institutions of Bangladesh select the recipients by investigating their applications and distribute Zakat commonly through the banking channel. The holy month of Ramadan is regarded as the spring for Zakat distribution. Zakat Institutions run several motivational programs to collect more Zakat funds, contacting Zakat payers, and online activities are mostly visible among them.

Asnafs (Zakat Beneficiaries) in Digital Economy: Involving Muslim Professionals in Zakat Institutions and Training Centres

Musa Yusuf Owoyemi — 2024-09-04

This paper analyses the idea that zakat should go beyond being a mere charity to being a full-blown economy activity because of its important role as a tool of poverty alleviation among Muslims. This paper argues that this idea by A-Qaradawi is cogent and logical, thus, it presents ways in which Muslim Professionals could get involved and how zakat institutions can go about implementing this idea especially in this new era of digital economy. Using the method of qualitative research analysis, it analyses materials from the library on this idea, points out the lack of research on the Asnaf in the digital economy and explains how Muslim Professionals and Zakat Institutions can work together to help turn zakat into a full-blown economy activity through training centres that will provide Asnafs with the necessary knowledge and tools to navigate the digital economy.

Influence of Faith, Knowledge, and Income on The Amount of Zakat Paid by Muzakki in District / City, Jambi Province

Amri Amir — 2024-09-04

In human activities and behaviors, including economic activities and behaviors, Islam is guided by three main principles: faith (aqidah), Islamic law (syariah), and ethics (akhlak). This study aims to analyze the behavior of muzakki in fulfilling their obligation to pay zakat, both zakat fitrah and zakat maal. The research sample consists of muzakki who have fulfilled their obligation to pay zakat. Of the 150 muzakki studied, 100% have paid zakat fitrah, but only 62 individuals (41.33%) have paid zakat maal. The primary place for paying zakat (78%) is at Amil Zakat in mosques or musholah, while 14% pay at BAZNAS, and only 8% at Zakat Collection Units or Zakat Management Institutions. The average income of the muzakki is IDR 6,279,600.45 per month. The zakat fitrah paid in cash in 2019 averaged IDR 36,411.25 per person, and in 2020 averaged IDR 40,931.50. Zakat fitrah paid in the form of rice in 2019 averaged 2.25 kg per person, and in 2020 averaged 2.56 kg per person. The amount of zakat maal paid by muzakki in 2019 averaged IDR 2,768,405.19, and in 2020 averaged IDR 2,310,547.43, representing a decrease of 16.54% compared to the zakat maal in 2019. Based on x2 testing, the amount of zakat maal paid by muzakki is significantly related to their level of faith and income but is not significantly related to their knowledge about zakat.